The next target: “Starlink”.

Intelligence warns: Russia plans to make an anti-satellite weapon that could destroy Starlink satellites. Starlink plays a vital role in Ukrainian defense. And it can also provide support for drone control applications. The Starlink system and modems are tools. That can make the long-range drone operations possible. Theoretically, jamming the drone control is quite an easy thing. But. The jammer system sends radio waves. That makes it a target for the anti-radiation missile systems. A large-sized kamikaze drone can carry those anti-radiation missiles, or a long-range drone. It is easy to transform. Into the anti-radiation missile or kamikaze drone. The system must only know the control signal frequency of the drone. 

Then the attacker shoots the anti-radiation missiles or drones before the main attack swarm. And when those jammers begin their transmission, the anti-radiation systems can attack them. Another way is to ionize air. That denies. Also, their own side radars. To see targets. That ion layer also denies radio-based communication in that area. 

But then, to the anti-satellite weapons. The GPS, radar, and communication satellites send radio waves. That makes them easy targets for the big anti-radiation missiles. 

Basically, those weapons are quite easy to develop. The missile can use the radio signals from the communication satellite to seek and home in on the target. The missile can be basically similar to a regular anti-radiation missile. But its booster might be far bigger and stronger. The booster system can be similarly used in RT-2PM2 Topol-M and RS-26 Yars missiles. The system can raise the homing system over the atmosphere. Then the homing system. That can be a higher maneuverable version of the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal missile. Starts to track targeted satellites.  

Or the MiG-31 can raise that weapon to the edge of the atmosphere. If that ASAT missile is bigger. The Tu-22M “Backfire” can act as a launching platform.  Anti-satellite missiles. Ground and space-based laser systems are a logical continuum. For the military systems. When we think about those massive anti-radiation missiles. Those systems can make it possible. To attack ABM radars and other strategic defense systems. The satellite-killers that can destroy intelligence,  communication, and GPS satellites. 

Can change the game. In the military world. The mobile ICBM. It can turn into an anti-satellite platform. Very easily. The small neutron-bomb-based nuclear option can be installed in a satellite or sub-orbital satellite that flies in the ionosphere. When that killer satellite explodes, it makes the EMP pulse that destroys other satellites above it. The orbital killer satellite that uses an internal nuclear or conventional detonator is as easy to detonate as a car bomb. The detonation signal can come to other aircraft, a ground station, or a ship. 

That allows. To detonate that system in a desired position. The E-bomb or EMP bomb can also be installed in the ASAT weapons. There are two versions of the EMP-bomb. The conventional system. This uses explosive pressure to give a high-power electric load to the battery. Then that electricity will be transmitted into the microwave system. That sends it into the target. In the nuclear option, the nuclear explosive makes that EMP impulse. 

The benefit of the EMP weapons is that.  It leaves the targeted satellite. In one piece. The problem with kinetic energy ASAT systems, along with high-power laser beams, is that. They break the satellite into small pieces that occupy the trajectory. The high-power EMP system can basically. Be a radio system. That sends high-power, coherent radio waves into targeted satellites. This system destroys the satellite's main computers. 

https://apnews.com/article/russia-starlink-musk-ukraine-space-china-canada-c69c1fda5ffc93828712ab723e606a2c

https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/hpm.htm

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/intelligence-agencies-suspect-russia-is-developing-anti-satellite-weapon-to-target-starlink-service

https://science.howstuffworks.com/e-bomb.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-47M2_Kinzhal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-24_Yars

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M

A new arms race in hypersonic weapons is running hot.

Hypersonic weapons are a new and powerful tool.  Those missiles fly lower than regular missiles, but their speed is many times higher than that of regular cruise missiles. And it’s possible that the new hypersonic missiles use stealth technology. There are three versions of those missiles. The hypersonic missile travels at a speed up to Mach 6. The ramjet engine would be suitable for those missiles. The limit of that engine is about Mach 6. Faster systems require scramjet engines that can operate to Mach 20. 

The problem is that the scramjet engine requires a speed that is higher than Mach 5 to start. So, in those systems, a ramjet requires. About Mach 1 speed to start.  It can accelerate those scramjet-driven air-breathing systems into speeds at which the scramjet-driven system can start. 

"Kh-47M2 Kinzhal. 2018 Moscow Victory Day Parades" (Wikipedia,Kh-47M2 Kinzhal)

1) Hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV). The glide vehicle is launched using regular ballistic missiles. Then those gliders can attack their targets using a smooth trajectory. 

2) Atmospheric missiles. Those missiles. Can use regular rocket engines, and they might be winged versions of the regular ICBM missiles. The shorter-range versions can be the air-launched versions of the ballistic missiles. Those missiles are already in service. And the most well-known of them. Are. Russian Kh-47M2 Kinzhal (NATO: AS-24 “Killjoy”) missiles. 

"The specific impulse of various engines" (Wikipedia, Scramjet)

"Ballistic vs. Hypersonic Missile Trajectories. Source: U.S. GAO" (Defensefeeds, How Do Hypersonic Missiles Work? Everything You Need to Know)

These are normally installed on MiG-31 “Foxhound” and Tu-22M “Backfire” aircraft. In some theorized models. The MiG-31 is the only plane that can accelerate the Kinzhal missile to hypersonic speed. Those Kinzhal missiles will be installed. On the nose of the ICBM missiles. Those missiles can carry atmospheric missiles in a lower trajectory than a normal ICBM. 

3) Hypersonic air-breathing cruise missiles. Those missiles use scramjet- or ramjet engines. While they travel in the atmosphere. Those missiles. Can use.  A solid fuel ramjet engine. That's solid fuel. Used in ramjet-driven ammunition. The ramjet or scramjet-driven cruise missiles can also use mothership planes to launch them from high altitude. Another version is to use an ICBM missile to transport the hypersonic cruise missile out of the atmosphere. Then that missile dives back. In the atmosphere. There, the ramjet, or scramjet engine, will start. 

“Is This China’s Truck-Mounted Electromagnetic Catapult? Having a scalable truck-based catapult concept for land-launched larger drone operations could open up new operational possibilities.” (Twz.com, Is This China’s Truck-Mounted Electromagnetic Catapult?)

The hypersonic missile can be mounted on board ships. It can be on the mobile firing unit. Or it can be launched from silos. The new technology allows the electromagnetic catapults to launch those missiles. The system can launch the ramjet-driven drone. That accelerates. A hypersonic system to speeds Mach 5-6, and then the scramjet engine in the high-speed missile can start. The Chinese military has introduced modular wagons, similar to those used in shipyards to transport ship sections. Those modular units can be used like domino bites, and they can be used to create a very long magnetic acceleration track. 

Those modular units can create portable launch systems for drones and hypersonic systems. If those modular truck-mounted electromagnetic catapults get energy from portable nuclear reactors. Those systems can be tools that can increase next-generation battlefield strike capacity to levels. That's never been before. Those systems can launch even aircraft. From places it's never been possible before, those mobile systems. The heavy transporters can be used theoretically to create even full-scale airfields on drylands. 

https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/04/08/hypersonic-weapons-are-fast-becoming-critical-technology-for-europes-defence-how-do-they-w

https://interestingengineering.com/videos/why-us-russia-china-are-racing-to-build-weapons-too-fast-to-stop

https://interestingengineering.com/military/north-korea-solid-fueled-missile-factory

https://spacenews.com/how-the-nation-can-make-fielding-hypersonic-capabilities-a-national-priority/

https://www.twz.com/news-features/is-this-chinas-truck-mounted-drone-launching-electromagnetic-catapult-system

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic_weapon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-47M2_Kinzhal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet

The concept of a space station. That uses rotational movement to create artificial gravity is not new.

"Representational image: The rotating design structure would provide constant gravity-like environment to the astronauts." (InterestingEngineering, Russia plans rotating space station with artificial gravity to protect astronaut health)

The concept of a space station with artificial gravity, where rotation creates the necessary movement, is not new. Famous German engineer Wernher von Braun innovated the idea of the wheel-shaped space station in the 1950s and 1960s. The wheel-shaped station would orbit Earth at high or medium altitude. The rotational movement forms. Artificial gravity. And for that, the station benefits from the rotational movement. 

The rotational movement causes a centripetal force that keeps things on tables. Somebody. Sometimes says. This concept will not work because the rotational movement must be so fast that it can create artificial gravity that matches Earth's gravity. The fact is that. The rotational movement must create only such a strong gravity that it can turn from roof to roof and floor to floor. 

In zero gravity conditions, there is no roof or floor. The artificial gravity, even if it's weak, can anchor things on the table. Things like magnetic rings can pull those space station parts together. This means they can resist centripetal force better than without magnets. 

There are plans. To make large-sized space stations in a stationary trajectory. Those stations would support orbital operations. Like repairments of civil and military satellites. There is also a possibility. High-orbiting satellites can shoot capsules. That pushes other satellites from their trajectory. To the atmosphere. 

This helps to clean orbitals from space junk. And those systems can also act as ASAT platforms. In some models, the space stations can have a plasma system that shoots a plasma beam. Sometimes, iron dust is introduced for that purpose. The system can shoot iron dust using a magnetic cannon. And then that dust pushes the targeted satellite. To the atmosphere. 

To the space junk or a functional satellite and pushes it off the trajectory. The same system that can push space junk. Into the atmosphere. Can push functional satellites. To the atmosphere. 

Space stations can have 3D printing systems that can create parts for satellite structures. This means that large-sized space stations are multi-use platforms. They can support the large-sized atom rocket assembly in the Earth or Lunar orbiter. The lunar orbiter is the better solution. Because in the case of accidents. The nuclear material. Drops to the Moon. 

https://interestingengineering.com/space/japan-plasma-engine-deorbit-space-debris

 https://interestingengineering.com/space/russia-patents-space-station-with-artificial-gravity

Solar-powered aircraft can act as “pseudo satellites” or atmospheric satellites.

Early artist impression of the High Altitude Platform (HAP). (ResearchGate.Net)

Theoretically, solar-powered aircraft can have unlimited operational time. Those aircraft can reach very high altitudes. The solar-powered aircraft can operate far higher than regular aircraft, which use combustion engines. The air-independent propulsion systems allow the aircraft to fly in a very thin atmosphere. The 73-hour autonomous flight shows the capacity. Of those aircraft. 

Actually, there are two types of solar-powered pseudo-satellites. The heavier-than-air systems. And lighter-than-air systems. The high-flying airships can operate almost at the edge of space. Mylar was first used in space systems in Echo 1 and 2 satellites, which were mylar balloons. In some ideas, the mylar balloon. That is filled with hydrogen. It can raise the sensor gondola to the edge of space. That sensor gondola can be a miniature satellite.  That can conduct ionosphere research. 

High-flying autonomous airships can use hydrogen as a hovering material. That decreases costs. The mylar structure allows them to fly higher than anything before. In military versions, the plasma system can pull plasma over the airship. That makes them invisible to radars. The high-flying pseudo-satellites can use ultraviolet laser scanners. That can threaten stealth fighters. And in the military applications. The laser weapons can defend them against the high-altitude anti-aircraft systems. Most of those High-Altitude Sensor, HAPS-projects or pseudo-satellites are unarmed. 

But it's possible that those systems can also drop weapons, or they can support weapon systems. The HAPS can use laser scanners. Radars and laser microphones are used for surveillance operations. Those systems can also drop different types of drones in an area. 

Pseudo-satellites can change many things. In the world. They can act as surveillance platforms, but as we know. Those large-scale solar-power aircraft. Can. Also, act in the same missions with satellites. Ion technology is one. Of the solutions. That can make those systems even more capable. It can make. Those aircraft fly even higher than they do today. And Ion Stealth can make them invisible. 

“Solar Impulse will have an ultra-light structure and a wingspan of 80 metres, nearly the same size as the new Airbus 380” (ESA)

In the first case, the ion system drives ionized gas faster on the upper side of the electric aircraft wings. That raises the low pressure on the upper side of the wing. And the same ions. They can also bind radar signals that impact the aircraft body. 

The pseudo-satellite can carry drones that it can drop to operational areas. Those drones can search. For things like missing persons. They can operate in remote areas. They can make surveillance missions. Or even in attack mode. The drone can be equipped with microphones and laser systems. That makes it a very sophisticated surveillance system. Those systems can be in the solar-powered mothership drones and quadcopters. The mothership drops into the area. 

Stratobus high altitude airship (HAA) (Wikipedia)

A pseudo-satellite can also be used to launch small satellites into orbit. The solar-powered aircraft can also use its solar panels. To create hydrogen and oxygen in its fuel tanks. The system can use electrolysis to break water molecules. The system needs only water, which it can collect from the air using the new membrane that harvests water from the air. The system can create hydrogen and oxygen for fuel cells. The system can be used. Solar panels in the daytime and fuel cells at night. 

Because those systems use electric engines and propellers, they leave a very low thermal signature. If those systems are made using stealth materials, they can be very hard to detect. Solar-powered pseudo- or atmospheric satellites can provide communication assistance to remote areas. Those aircraft or airships can be equipped with radars, infrared sensors, and optical systems. In some visions, those systems can fly over the battlefield. And it can point targets for laser-homing missiles.

The pseudo-satellite can also carry things. Like radar-homing missiles. The high-flying low-enduring system can also operate as a platform for ASAT systems. The anti-satellite missiles can be installed under those platforms. And they can destroy low-flying satellites. 

https://alert5.com/2025/07/30/converted-solar-impulse-2-aircraft-demonstrates-73-hour-continuous-flight-for-u-s-navy-isr-missions/

https://www.airbus.com/en/innovation/energy-transition/solar-flight

https://bbrainsgroup.com/2024/07/25/solar-planes-future-air-travel/

https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2005/07/Ultra-light_structure

https://etech.iec.ch/issue/2025-02/testing-solar-aircraft

https://www.flightglobal.com/military-uavs/us-navy-completes-73-hour-solar-powered-skydweller-uas-test/164032.article

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Early-artist-impression-of-the-High-Altitude-Platform-HAP_fig1_357859391

https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/solar-powered-plane-future-aviation-industry.html

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-develop-new-solar-device-that-squeezes-water-from-air/

https://www.skydweller.aero/perpetual-flight/solar-impulse-2/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_platform_station

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Echo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-powered_aircraft

Electric sparks on Mars can endanger. Space missions.

"Detection of electric discharges in dust devils by the SuperCam instrument, on board the Perseverance rover on Mars. Credit: Nicolas Sarter"(ScitechDaily, Scientists Have Detected Electric Sparks on Mars, and It Could Rewrite What We Know About Its Atmosphere)

"Electrical sparks inside Martian dust devils have been detected for the first time, reshaping how scientists understand the planet’s atmosphere and climate." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Have Detected Electric Sparks on Mars, and It Could Rewrite What We Know About Its Atmosphere)

On Mars, strong winds routinely generate swirling columns of fine dust. While passing through the center of two such dust devils, the SuperCam instrument’s microphone, the first microphone ever deployed on Mars, unexpectedly picked up unusually intense signals." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Have Detected Electric Sparks on Mars, and It Could Rewrite What We Know About Its Atmosphere)

The electricity on the Red Planet can destroy electronics. And endanger even manned missions. 

The electric sparks in sand devils could explain some mysteries about missing Mars landers. Sand devils are tornadoes of dust that have very small sand particles. Those particles cause friction while they whirl, and that forms electric sparks. That electric spark can form in a magnetic field when iron-rich particles start to whirl in an electromagnetic field. Or those particles must have some kind of electric load. Maybe the electricity. Form in clouds. 

Maybe. Some of those minerals have similar abilities to crystals or perovskite. This means that sunlight or mechanical stress can form those electric sparks. 

Static electricity forms in cases where electrons start to form holes. There is also a possibility. The clouds of Mars have some kind of electromagnetic phenomenon. Those clouds are mainly ice. And airflows can create lots of static electricity in those clouds. If a sand devil moves below those clouds. That sand tornado can offer. An eruption channel. To electricity that forms in clouds. That dust transports electricity to the ground. 

And electricity starts to move. There is possibility. The electric sparks in the sand devil and the magnetic field that the sand tornado forms could affect some spacecraft communication antennas. This means there is a theoretical possibility.  That. The magnetic field cuts communication between the probe and Earth. Or maybe. 

The magnetic field and electric sparks can cause overload to electrical circuits. If the space probe. Will go in the sand devil. It's possible that those electromagnetic fields can break the probe’s computers. Or those electric sand devils can conduct electricity to Mars’s clouds. And those electrically loaded clouds can cause a false echo that the probe translates as the probe being higher than it is. And that means it opens the parachute too late. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-have-detected-electric-sparks-on-mars-and-it-could-rewrite-what-we-know-about-its-atmosphere/

Researchers prepare to make the first test. To affect. Gravity waves.

Artistic depiction of a fictional anti-gravity vehicle (Wikipedia, Anti-gravity) 

If we think that antigravity means a craft that hovers silently, we can say that the hot air balloons can be determined as “anti-gravity vehicles”. Once, there were some engineers who wanted to put hot air chambers in the back of the aircraft. When there is some kind of torch that hot air pushes craft upward. If the power of the fire is high enough. That system can lift aircraft silently from the ground. 

Many times people tell. They make some kind of anti-gravity vehicles. The fact is that. Most of those vehicles use ion or some kind of acoustic waves for levitation. There are also models that use. Simply propellers to hover. Also. Some of those systems can be. Simply some kind of airships. The airship can hover silently over the ground. But the real antigravity is the dream of the human. That system should make. An energy ditch at the front of the craft. And then that energy ditch pulls the craft forward. Some of those very exotic propulsion systems can use frozen protons to decrease the energy level at the front of the craft. There is possiblity. That's some kind of phonons. 

Can. Used to make acoustic waves. The thing that makes those acoustic waves push the craft forward is the wave that fills the pothole. But if the craft can deny wave return to its shell. To fill the point. There. The acoustic system pushed gas away. When the acoustic system pushes waves away from the craft. They form low pressure. Then the gas falls into that pothole. If that thing can be denied. The series of low-pressure areas can pull the craft forward. 

"Did Evgeny Podkletnov manage to shield an object from the effects of gravity with this 1992 design? Two decades have passed and, so far, only Podkletnov himself has reported success. (Scientists have, however, enjoyed success with superconductors though.)© 2010 HowStuffWorks.com.

This system can be. An ion-based thuster. The system drives ions below the craft. This makes an ion cushion under the craft. That will not be enough to raise the craft off the ground. The system can also make the tornado above the craft, which decreases its weight by pulling it up. This can decrease the weight. But it doesn’t actually deny gravity.

There is also a possibility that the virtual antigravity system is based on the Meissner effect. Or, the superconducting levitation. The bottom of the craft can be covered by using the superconducting magnets. The system can use liquid gas. That makes the magnets below the craft superconducting. That extremely low-temperature gas can be packed in the thermos bottles. Or the craft can make it, if it has the right cooling system. 

The ion system can transport ions below the craft. That packs gas or ions under the craft. And make the ionized air cushion below the craft. That thing can decrease the craft’s weight by about 20-x percent. In the same way. There can be magnetic levitation systems on runways. That pushes aircraft up. Those systems use the same magnetic levitation effect as “maglev” trains. In some models, the VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) craft drops the magnetic plate below it. And then magnetism in that plate pushes the craft upward. If the system pushes ions upward. It can push ions against the plate, and that can pull the craft up. The system bases. In the same idea. With hot air balloons. The rising particles. Pushes craft upward. 

But the anti-gravity that denies the gravitational effect would be the most fundamental thing in the world. 

"Sketch of the interferometric set-up for light under the influence of a gravitational wave. Credit: B. Schröder/HZDRA new concept for energy transfer between gravitational waves and light." (ScitechDaily, Physicists Propose First-Ever Experiment To Manipulate Gravitational Waves)

"When massive cosmic objects such as black holes merge or neutron stars crash into one another, they can produce gravitational waves. These ripples move through the universe at the speed of light and create extremely small changes in the structure of space-time. Their existence was first predicted by Albert Einstein, and scientists confirmed them experimentally for the first time in 2015."(ScitechDaily, Physicists Propose First-Ever Experiment To Manipulate Gravitational Waves)

The thing. What makes gravity so special is that it has only one direction. The gravity center forms an energy pothole around it. And the gravitational fields cannot push objects away from the gravitational field  because the energy hilltops between energy ditches cannot reach the edge of the energy pothole. That surrounds the gravitational center. A gravitational pothole is the same as an energy pothole. That makes objects fall. Into the gravitational center. The gravitational waves are energy hilltops and energy ditches that travel uphill against that pothole. 

The gravitational wave is the combination of the energy ditch and the energy hilltop. The reason. For. Why those energy hilltops cannot push objects away from that pothole is this: They cannot reach the edge of the energy pothole, because they lose so much energy into the energy ditch between those waves. The thing that makes antigravity possible could be the system that fills those energy potholes between those energy hilltops. 

The model of antigravity is quite simple. The system must just fill the energy ditches, or lower energy areas between energy hilltops or energy hills. That creates a standing wave that pushes. Craft away from the gravitational pothole. This theoretical model is quite hard. To turn into a real application. 

"A high-temperature superconductor levitating above a magnet. A persistent electric current flows on the surface of the superconductor, acting to exclude the magnetic field of the magnet (Meissner effect). This current effectively forms an electromagnet that repels the magnet." (Wikipedia, Superconductivity)

The new models of gravity fields make. Probably. Possible to affect gravity waves using light. We can think that the gravity field forms when particles spin, or they bind energy. When an object sends gravity waves. That happens when the spin of its particles accelerates. When that acceleration happens, the particle binds the quantum field into it. And when the particle’s spin slows, that means particles send energy waves. Or, they release energy that they stored. 

The thing is that the gravitational waves are like ditches that travel across the universe. So the model goes like this. The hilltops between those ditches form when particles slow their speed. In that moment, they send energy waves. Because the gravitational center is always in the energy pothole, that bottom is always lower than the space outside that pothole. That makes the gravity field. Pulls things to the gravity center. 

We can think of gravitational waves as energy waves that travel uphill of that pothole. We can say that this model tells us. Why. Gravitation is so strange. Because the hilltops of those energy waves are below the edge of the gravitational pothole, they cannot push objects away. And that makes the object fall into the gravitational pothole. That thing. Means that. Antigravity requires that the system can inject energy into hilltops between the energy ditches. The system should arise. So. A high-energy wave that comes from the gravitational center, so that this energy wave can push the object away from the gravitational pothole. 

The system must collect. So much energy at the point where it is. It can create an energy hill that rises it. Above the energy pothole ‘s edge that surrounds the gravitational center. The thing that makes this so hard to make in practice is this. The system must deny the energy ditches to transport energy from below the energy hill that it creates under it. Another way. Is to fill. Those energy ditches between energy hills. And that makes the effect that pushes craft backward. The idea is that the system fills those ditches. And. Forms the standing wave that pulls the craft out from the gravitational pothole. As. I wrote before. 

https://www.grunge.com/1179379/just-how-possible-is-anti-gravity-technology/

https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science-questions/antigravity.htm

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-propose-first-ever-experiment-to-manipulate-gravitational-waves/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

Ionosphere and hypersonic flight.

The ionosphere is the little-known border between the atmosphere and space. The ionosphere is the layer where air molecules are ionized. And without that layer, radiocommunication becomes impossible. Radio waves emanate from that layer, allowing them to bypass the barriers. The fact is that. The ionosphere cannot reflect all radio impulses back to Earth. The ionosphere also reflects the same frequencies that radio systems use on Earth back to space. 

The ionosphere is one of the most hazardous regions in our atmosphere. In that area, the craft must travel in the ion field. And that can lead to a situation where those ions endanger technology and human lives. In the past. Was enough. That spacecraft travels above the ionosphere and Van Allen Belt.  The Van Allen Belt is the area where Earth's magnetic field traps ions. The Van Allen radiation belt includes two layers. Outer and internal layers.  Those layers form at the point where ions that travel between poles impact. 

Radiation that comes from the Sun loads very high power energy into those particles. If a satellite travels in the Van Allen radiation layer. It causes high particle impacts. On the satellite. Sometimes it is suggested that if the satellite is between the Van Allen radiation belt. And the high-power magnet, which can destroy the satellite. The idea is that the magnet can pull those ions to the satellite, and those ions will cause the end of the satellite’s career. When a spacecraft falls through the ionosphere, it loses its communication. Between the command center and the capsule. 

A cross-section of Van Allen radiation belts. (Van Allen radiation belt)

The reason for that is the ions that surround the capsule. So, there are tested systems that can create an artificial ionosphere. In 1958, the U.S. military conducted “Operation Argus” in the Southern Atlantic. That operation included three 1,7 kilotons high-altitude nuclear explosions. The purpose of those explosions was to create an artificial ionosphere over selected areas. The purpose of that layer was to deny Soviet communication between submarines and command centers.  Today. The ionization can be made. Using radio waves. Coherent radio, microwaves, or laser beams. Those ion layers can deny the GPS signals. It can deny a submarine from getting its launching codes and operational orders.  And they can blind the ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) warhead radars. Systems like HAARP (High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program) create artificial auroras. To the atmosphere. That researchers can observe them. But. Those same systems can jam the satellite communication and navigation systems. 

Lockheed SR-71 “Blackbird”

The idea is that those systems that create the ion layers.  Can deny the radars operate over some areas. The ion layer. That is. Between the target. And radar can deny radar seeing the target. The same ion layer denies radio communication through that layer. The answer to that problem could be the small drones that act as atmospheric satellites. The satellite communication. Through that layer can be made. Using two drone layers. The upper drone layer. That flies over the plasma layer receives and transmits data from and to the satellite. The drone can communicate with lower-level drones using laser communication. And then those lower-layer drones can communicate with the ground crew using radio communication. 

Lockheed-Martin SR-72 “DarkStar”

Those drones can act as relay stations. That conveys radio messages. In some visions, fast-flying drones can make an ion layer. Between strategic bombers and radar stations. The drone that hovers over some point. Can. Make GPS unnecessary in a limited area. The drone can transmit a camera image from its own camera. And the ground personnel can have the laser LEDs. That makes their positions visible to that drone. 

The ionosphere is important for hypersonic aircraft. The idea is that the shockwave of those aircraft packs air into their air inlets. When we think about hypersonic aircraft, we must remember that the legendary SR-71 “Blackbird” reached its top speed, Mach 3,2. In the altitude. Of 26000m. The air resistance is low enough. For the body of the SR-71. In. Hypersonic speed. The temperature can rise between 2000 and 3000 degrees celsius. In low pressure. Air resistance turns lower. And that makes it easier to control temperatures. Also, materials. These include titanium, boron, silicon, and tungsten. Can stay in their form in those extreme speeds. 

Today, miniature satellites. And sub-orbital probe rockets. Research that point. The reason for that is that. The new hypersonic aircraft. That which can operate in the ionosphere can turn invisible to radars. The hypersonic aircraft’s biggest problem is the heat. And that’s why it should fly to a very high altitude. There, the air resistance is lower. And that makes high-flying hypersonic aircraft possible. The idea in those operational profiles is that the aircraft travels at supersonic speed in lower altitudes. 

Then it jumps to the ionosphere. Controlling hypersonic aircraft is possible in those altitudes because the air is very thin. One of the reasons why the SR-71 flew higher than the U-2 is simple. The SR-71 speed was higher. The high-speed fly crams air into engines. The shape of the SR-71 aimed the shockwave straight into the air inlet of its jet engines. The speed of SR-71 was Mach 3,2. In 26000 meters. The SR-72 test plane can create a very strong shockwave. Which allows. It is to fly. Much higher than SR-71.  

https://thedebrief.org/secretive-sr-72-hypersonic-aircraft-successor-to-lockheed-martins-legendary-sr-71-could-soon-take-flight/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Argus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program

A village, surrounded by monsters.

 

Did you ever see M. Night Shyamalan's movie “The Village”? That is the story of the village. These people believed. The monstrous creatures surrounded it. In the final part of the movie. The main character realizes that the “monster” was a scarecrow. The fact is that the village has been isolated for maybe hundreds of years. Because. Villagers didn’t have any contact. To the outside world, they thought that the car engine sound was the monster’s roar. 

This thing introduces a situation. That. The limited information allows people to do. That thing is one of the key elements in societies that are under totalitarian control. The Village from that movie exists. The macro version of that village. Are Russia and North Korea, where the controller tells people that they are surrounded by hostile characters, who. Want to destroy their paradise. So those people must stand strong in command. The micro version of those villages is in the sects. Those leaders say that people laugh. To the real believers. And that means, they use similar methods. That keeps the fictional village under control. 

The fact is that M. Night Shyamalan didn’t create that isolated society. Those isolated societies existed long before M. Night Shyamalan was even born. Medieval castles and monasteries were also isolated. In medieval cities, people believed that the forests around their city walls. Were. Full of monsters. Those stories were told so that people would not escape. The thing that separated medieval monks from other people was that they spoke Latin. With each other. Another thing was that people almost never visit castles. That thing is guaranteed. That medieval noblemen would stay loyal to the king. There was no ability to grow food in most of the castles. That made it possible to control those castles in the case that the lord of the castle refuses to follow orders. 

The internet is full of stories about how bad the smell was in those castles. The fact is that. The people who lived and worked in the castle were used to that smell, which formed when spices were burned in the fire. The purpose of that smell. Was. To keep outsiders away from those places. And that was one of the things that isolated those people. The medieval segregation. It is one of the things. That can reflect on modern days. We can say that maybe all of us live in M. Night Shyamalan’s village. Rich people hire security guards because they are afraid that some gangs rob their homes. Medieval lords of the castle believed similar things. That’s why those people had soldiers and cannons to protect them. 

We can believe that we cannot go to that isolated village. We have internet, cell phones, and many other things. But. The fact is that the information that we get. And. How. Do. We get. That information. Determines. Do we believe it? Or not. It’s possible. That somebody stuns us. When we visit the shop. Then that person keeps us in a narcosis for a while. After we wake up, our host tells us that. The Earth is badly polluted, and then orders us to check the data. From the net. The host uses the fake information to confess that this person is not a liar. In that case, we have no choice but to check that information. And do we dare to test things that person tells us?

 Do we dare to start traveling to the nearest village? Especially if we were in the middle of the icy stream. That person can take us to the Alps. Or somewhere. Where we just cannot see other houses. That person can tell stories that. We are in the middle of Antarctica. There is a possibility. That prisoners are in regular houses. And all the information that prisoners get. Comes from the screens that are in the windows. This is the idea of North Korea. People get only the information that they are allowed to get. 

Light can be the new communication tool.

(A new theoretical approach suggests that optical noise, once seen as a drawback, could be turned into a tool for producing purer streams of quantum light. Credit: Shutterstock) (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover How To “Purify” Light, Paving the Way for Faster, More Secure Quantum Technology)

Purified light can transmit quantum information. And that makes it possible to create secure data networks. Secure data networks play a significant role in the future environment. The next-generation robotics solutions that connect networks and physical tools are meant for more complicated solutions than ever before. Light offers secure data transmission. The system can use UV, IR, or visible light. The thing is that the UV radiation is invisible to IR sensors. And this means that. 

The UV-based laser scanners. It can be the new tool. In the military. And the civil world. The UV scanner can also operate in high temperatures. Fire or other infrared sources can disturb infrared systems, but the ultraviolet systems are immune to IR radiation. A UV scanner can also scan things like armoured vehicles. That uses adaptive camouflage. 

When we develop ultra-complicated systems. For example, surgeon robots. And. For other networked devices, securing information is crucial. To protect the entire environment. Basically, the same human-shaped robot that can cut the grass. And hover homes can also make surgeries. The surgery robot requires more complicated algorithms that have higher accuracy than cleaning robots. Swapping those programs is a theoretically easy process. Making those complicated algorithms is complicated. And transmitting them must happen over ultra-secure networks. If that data is corrupted, the result is a catastrophe. 

Beriev A-60

Advanced networks can interconnect several systems under one dome. And that means satellites, aircraft, and other devices are operating as a whole. But the thing that causes problems is the networks. If an attacker can slip their own device into the network, that person can turn all information. Into. The wrong hands.  This is one of the threats. That. We can see this in the modern networks. But another threat. It's in things like natural data corruption. The data corruption can happen. 

Because. Of natural reasons. When data is corrupted. That. It can cause a big problem. For. Devices that are connected to that network. The network allows connecting any AI camera to the computer on the opposite side of the world. Things like satellite communication and real-time information also depend on the information. And especially secured information. The only problem is that light cannot jump over an obstacle. For full operation. The system must send information. For the drone or aircraft. Which sends it back into the ground. The laser communication system. Must not give commands to other systems separately. The system can use a prism that scatters the light. And that laser-light spotlight can transmit information for multiple clients simultaneously. 

There is a possibility. The Russian Beriev A-60. Laser test bed. Tested technology. This allows it to shepherd drone swarms using laser spotlights. Those systems can transform radio commands into laser impulses. Then the system could send those signals to drone swarms in the form of a laser spotlight. This allows giving commands to multiple drones simultaneously. That system was destroyed recently in a Ukrainian drone attack. That means that. This aircraft would test kill lasers. But it can also be used for communication development purposes.

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-how-to-purify-light-paving-the-way-for-faster-more-secure-quantum-technology/

https://www.twz.com/air/unique-russian-a-60-laser-tesbed-jet-destroyed-in-ukrainian-attack

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriev_A-60

Killer satellites are the new threat.

Military space applications are remarkable systems. Because. Satellites are becoming. More and more important. Many military applications. Like GPS, it requires satellite communication. And that makes satellites vital targets for defense. Things. Like reconnaissance satellites. Play. A vital role. In the target location. And this means. that ASAT(Anti-Satellite) systems are becoming. More important. The GPS satellites are objects that the enemy wants to knock out. Maybe regular killer satellites cannot harm people on the ground. But those satellites can destroy other satellites. 

The new stealthy satellites cause grey hair for defense. The same system that another participant in those projects uses for intelligence can be turned into a fractional orbital bombardment system (FOBS) in the hands of another participant. The FOBS normally means nuclear weapons. These are positioned into orbital trajectories. Internet sources mention. The FOBS is a partially orbiting system. Or a so-called sub-orbiter system. But the high-orbiting FOBS systems are also possible. The system requires only large-sized rocket boosters. 

And they can be used as the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) or as “regular” atomic weapons. Those systems can also drop things like drones or conventional explosives to their targets from an orbital trajectory. Another version. That those stealth satellites can be. Are anti-satellite weapons (ASATs). Or. So-called killer satellites. The first killer-satellite prototypes were created in the Soviet Era. The names of those projects were “Almaz”, “Istrebitel Sputnikov”, and “Terra 3”. These reseachers investigated land-based lasers and ASAT missiles. 

There is also suspicion that famous Soviet nuclear-powered Kosmos satellites like Kosmos-954, which fell to Canada, were also equipped with ASAT weapons, which could be microwave-based systems. The nuclear reactor could give enough energy to that system. To destroy at least other satellites. Officially, Kosmos 954 was a radar satellite. But the nuclear reactor. Caused suspicion that this satellite can also have. Other missions. 

At the beginning of the Almaz program. Soviet-made killer satellites impacted with other satellites. There were satellites. That guided to impact with other satellites. This makes miniature satellites dangerous. Even a small satellite can act as a killer satellite if it collides with other satellites. But evolution formed satellites with special killing devices. Like machine guns or “space bazookas”. There were also manned options. 

DIA drawing of Terra laser (Wikipedia, Terra-3)

Polyus

Kosmos 954

MiG-105 “Spiral”. 

Soyuz-spacecraft. 

Suspected killer satellite. 

Progress spacecraft

Sojuz 2.1v launch at Plesetsk Cosmodrome on March, 29 2023. Credits: Russian Space Forces (Spacevoyaging.com)

Like. MiG-105 “Spiral” miniature shuttle systems and Salyut space stations Salyuts 2, 3, and 5 (OPS-1-3). Wirth Almaz numbers 1-3 (Salyut 2 was Almaz 1, etc.), and an unmanned large-size radar satellite, OPS-4. Those were used as platforms to test those ASAT weapons and track missiles. The “Almaz” included. Also modified Soyuz, Soyuz-T, and Progress spacecrafts for intelligence, finding other satellites. And maybe those systems also had a kill option. 

During that program, the Soviets tested quite a massive Polyus system, which could act as a space fighter. It’s possible that there were also planned spaceborne lasers. Those that are installed in the body are similar to “Polyus”. The spaceborne laser can also look like a rejected rocket stage. The chemical laser that gets its energy from the acetylene-oxygen light. 

That is around the laser element. The laser can get its energy from sunlight. And that makes it very effective against other satellites. In the 1980s, the soviets researched laser satellites, where mirrors aim sunlight to laser elements. That laser is claimed to be a civil system, but it's possible that the laser satellite was planned. To be used as a space weapon. 

Then there came special satellites equipped with machine guns and internal nuclear explosives. Those small nuclear bombs that detonated in an air capsule would create a powerful EMP pulse that could destroy a large number of satellites. 

Those EMP weapons can also shut down the US and other nations' air defense. An EMP weapon that detonates in orbital trajectory can create an ion layer between Earth and the satellite, and deny satellite communication with the ground station through that layer. The stalth satellite can sneak up on its target and then detonate the neutron bomb inside it. 

That limits the EMP effect. Another version is a satellite that uses rockets or machine guns. The killer satellite will be launched into orbit in the opposite direction to its prey. And then it launches its “kill-devices” against that opponent. The fact is that when we think about killer satellites, those systems don’t need any nuclear weapons. The killer satellite can be a harmless satellite that has a modified rocket engine. 

The killer satellite can simply deliver oxygen and fuel into one closed chamber. And then detonate that mixture. The fragmentators. Like steel balls can be inside the shell of that satellite. When that mixture detonates, the satellite can deliver those steel balls to space. And if some other satellites are in the line of those metal balls, they can destroy or damage that target. Another version is to inject those metal balls into the rocket engine, which turns the engine into a shotgun. That means those systems don’t need any railguns to turn effective. 

https://alchetron.com/Polyus-(spacecraft)

https://breakingdefense.com/2025/12/china-russia-experiment-with-stealthy-satellites-space-force-official-says/

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/russian-nuclear-weapon-space-intel-putin-plan-rcna138944

https://www.npr.org/2024/05/30/nx-s1-4975741/what-to-know-russia-satellite-space-weapon-cosmos-2576

https://sociable.co/technology/beijing-moscow-weaponized-space-through-killer-satellites-directed-energy-weapons-defense-sec/

https://www.spacevoyaging.com/news/2023/04/02/russian-space-forces-launches-a-new-satellite-whats-the-real-purpose-of-kosmos-2561/

https://warhistory.org/@msw/article/fractional-orbital-bombardment-system-fobs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_Orbital_Bombardment_System

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrebitel_Sputnikov

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_954

https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikojan-Gurevit%C5%A1_MiG-105

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyus_(spacecraft)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_(spacecraft)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_and_anti-satellite_weapons_allegations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra-3